Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2nd ed. (2016).


Le projet des Dictionnaires en bref

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CUSTOM n.
1.  Constant and repeated practice that is recognized as legally binding in a given society. For example, the prohibition concerning the sale of religious objects.“Implicit formulaic norms, such as those constituted in and acted upon through custom or trade usage, are meant to describe practice so as to make it possible to engage in that practice. Here, language is not used to construct an authoritative text. The only 'text’ is the practice itself” (Macdonald, (1997) 42 McGill L.J. 119, p. 145).  Occ. Art. 1139 C.C.Q.; s. VIII, An Act for making more effectual Provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America, 14 George III, c. 83 (U.K.).Obs. 1º Under its traditional conception, custom is comprised of two elements: the first is material, a usage (usus), that determines a rule of conduct, and the second is psychological, a belief in its obligatory character (opinio juris seu necessitatis). Some customs are only applicable to a given community or territory (e.g. the Coutume de Paris), or to a category of persons (e.g. custom of the owners (art. 1139 C.C.Q.)). 2º In its authentic form, custom must be an emanation of social activity alone, independent of any influences from the State. However, certain scholars enlarge the scope of custom by designating fundamental principles of law and maxims as learned custom. 3º The distinction between custom and usage is difficult to delineate precisely, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably even though they are not strictly speaking synonyms (e.g. arts. 976, 2004, 2526 C.C.Q. where the terms custom and customary are used as equivalents of the French term usage). See also  jurisprudence2, usage. Fr. coutume1.2.  Law1 established by custom1. “[...] justification for the recognition of custom is nowadays sought within a legislative framework, even if, in doing so, custom must be falsely presented as being in harmony with legislation when really it is either filling in the gaps of a text or is even contrary thereto” (David & Brierley, Major Legal Systems, p. 132).  Syn. customary law. Fr. coutume2+, droit coutumier1.
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