Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2nd ed. (2016).


Le projet des Dictionnaires en bref

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DOCTRINE OF RISKS
1.  (Obl.) Doctrine that determines which of the parties to a contract must assume the loss associated with the non-performance of an obligation due to superior force.  Obs. 1º The doctrine of risks was developed with respect to bilateral contracts. Where one of the contracting parties is prevented by superior force from performing the obligation, he or she is, in principle, relieved from performance (art. 1693 C.C.Q.). The doctrine of risks determines whether the cocontracting party is also freed from correlative obligation, or remains bound by it. 2º In a synallagmatic contract that is not translatory of ownership, the risks are borne by the debtor of the obligation whose performance is rendered impossible by superior force. That party is relieved from his or her obligation and cannot require the cocontracting party to perform the correlative obligation (art. 1694 C.C.Q.). This is reflected by the Latin maxim res perit debitori, the thing perishes for the debtor. 3º The same analysis applies to synallagmatic contracts transferring ownership. Article 1456 C.C.Q. provides that the risks are borne by the debtor of the obligation to deliver, even if he or she is no longer the owner when the superior force occurs (res perit debitori). This is an exception to the principle enunciated at article 950 C.C.Q. according to which the owner of the thing assumes the risks of loss. 4º In instalment sales concluded with a consumer, the merchant assumes the risk of loss or deterioration of the goods by superior force until the title is transferred to the consumer (s. 133, Consumer Protection Act, R.S.Q. c. P-40.1). 5º In a unilateral contract (e.g. loan for use, deposit), a single party is obligated. If, by superior force, that party is prevented from performing the obligation, he or she is relieved therefrom. The creditor assumes the loss of the thing that is the object of the contract (res perit creditori). See also  impossibility of performance, res perit creditori, res perit debitori, res perit domino, risk of the contract. Fr. théorie des risques1.2.  (Obl.) Doctrine according to which the extracontractual liability of a person rests not on fault, but on the causal relationship between a damage and the risk created by an activity from which that person gains a profit.  Obs. 1º Following this theoretical conception of civil liability, a person who benefits from an activity should bear the risks that flow from it and, accordingly, compensate the damage it causes to others, even in the absence of fault. Applied without restriction, the doctrine of risks would have the practical effect of establishing a strict liability regime. 2º The doctrine of risks was advanced by scholars at the turn of the 20th century in various parts of the industrialized world as a new basis for civil liability to respond to perceived injustices associated with the application of the classical regime of civil liability in the context of industrial accidents. Because the cause of the accident and the employer’s fault were both difficult to establish, workers who had suffered damage where often left to bear that loss, without remedy. See also  civil liability, material cause, strict liability. Fr. théorie des risques2.
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