Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2^ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2^èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2^èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2^nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2^nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2^nd ed. (2016).

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

LEGAL OBLIGATION

1. (Obl.) Obligation² arising from an act or fact to which the law³ attaches juridical effects. “The right of action is independent of the issue of the lifting of the corporate veil. It is a direct right of action of the respondents, as third parties, against the appellant for the breach of a general legal obligation of diligence towards the respondents. The respondents have established fault, damage, and causality, and thus, as third parties, can exercise a quasi-delictual recourse based on the appellant’s contractual fault” (Houle v. Canadian National Bank, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 122, p. 136, C. L’Heureux-Dubé, J.). Obs. Article 1372 C.C.Q. distinguishes between "an obligation [that] arises from a contract" and an obligation that arises from "any act or fact to which the effects of an obligation are attached by law". From this perspective, the term legal obligation designates any obligation not arising by contract. It could then be considered as a synonym of extracontractual obligation. See also contractual obligation, extracontractual obligation, legal liability¹. Fr. obligation légale¹.2. (Obl.) Obligation² arising solely by operation of law³. For example, an alimentary obligation (art 585 C.C.Q.), the obligation arising from legal tutorship imposed upon parents (art. 192 C.C.Q.). Obs. 1º The expression legal obligation, when used in this narrow sense, describes an obligation imposed by law to respond to a specific juridical situation. It arises without the parties having so intended or without the performance by them of an act or fact to which the law attaches obligations. In this sense, legal obligations are distinguished from the obligations that have as a direct source a personal act or omission to which the effects of an obligation are attached by law. 2º Article 983 of the Civil Code of Lower Canada acknowledged, in accordance with the writings of Pothier, five sources of obligations: contract, quasi-contract, delict, quasi-delict and sole operation of law. This classification has not been explicitly retained in the Civil Code (art. 1372 C.C.Q.). 3º According to article 1434 of the Civil Code, the obligations of a contract extend not only to what is expressed therein but also to what is incident to it, according to its nature and in conformity with law. These obligations, which have their source in law, are nevertheless understood to be contractual obligations (see Bank of Montreal v. A.G. Quebec, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 565, p. 572). See also contractual obligation, legal liability². Fr. obligation légale².3. (Obl.) Obligation³ arising solely by operation of law³. Fr. obligation légale³.

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