Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2^ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2^èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2^èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2^nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2^nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2^nd ed. (2016).

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

REAL RIGHT

Patrimonial right which is exercised directly upon property. “[...] as a right assumes a person or persons by whom it is to be observed—it cannot be observed by a thing—a real right is one to be observed by all other persons; it is a right adversus omnes and excludes all other persons from participation in the object of the right” (Marler, Real Property, n° 65, p. 32). Movable real right; immovable real right; registration of real rights. Occ. Arts. 911, 1119, 1261, 2660 C.C.Q.; arts. 2016, 2082 C.C.L.C.; arts. 699, 715 C.C.P.; s. 51(d), Cultural Property Act, R.S.Q. c. B-4; s. 85, Expropriation Act, R.S.Q. c. E-24.Obs. 1º Within the category of real rights, a distinction is generally made between principal real rights and accessory real rights. The accessory real right is different from the principal real right in that the former constitutes security which is necessarily attached to a creance for which it guarantees performance. 2º Real rights are traditionally distinguished from personal rights within the patrimony. In addition to the classical notions of jus in re and jus in personam, other categories of patrimonial rights, such as intellectual property rights, have also emerged. 3º Traditionally, real rights are considered to bear upon material things. One may well ask, however, whether the change of terminology in the Civil Code of Québec with respect to a number of institutions in property law, notably ownership, alters this assumption. According to the text of article 947 of the Civil Code, ownership now bears on property rather than upon things as it did in the former law. This might be read to suggest that real rights can bear upon incorporeal as well as corporeal property. Some experts have suggested that this may merely reflect terminological inadvertence. It may be observed that the materialistic conception of ownership has been explicitly or implicitly retained in other instances in the Civil Code (e.g. arts. 914, 934, 939 C.C.Q.). 4º Real rights are said to be opposable to third persons. As such, they are characterized by a right to follow and a right of preference. 5º The classical debate as to whether a numerus clausus of real rights is established by law has not been explicitly resolved by the Civil Code of Québec. Articles 947 and 1119 of the Civil Code of Québec do not create a limitative list of such rights in explicit terms. 6º The distinction between real and personal rights has been called into question by part of the modern scholarship. Those adopting so-called “personalist” theories tend to redefine real rights in terms of relationships between people rather than between people and things. 7º The French term “droit réel” is occasionally used in federal statutes with a definition that is broader or narrower, as the case may be, than the term as defined here (s. 2, Federal Real Property Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. F-8.4, where the English equivalent interest is proposed). Syn. jus in re. See also accessory real right, dismemberment¹, jus ad rem, numerus clausus, opposability, ownership, principal real right, real obligation, right¹, right of preference, right to follow. Fr. droit réel+, jus in re.

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