Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2nd ed. (2016).


Le projet des Dictionnaires en bref

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FRAUD n.
1.  (Obl.) Means used by a person to deceive another so as to impel the latter to enter into a juridical act or to enter into it on terms different than those that he or she would otherwise have accepted. “Fraud simultaneously excludes accident, inadvertence and ignorance: a person is only guilty of fraud if he acts knowingly, with the object of deceiving someone” (Antoine Guertin Ltée v. Chamberland Co. Ltd., [1971] S.C.R. 385, p. 400, L.-P. Pigeon, J.). Contract tainted by fraud. Occ. Art. 1401 C.C.Q.Obs. 1º Error resulting from fraud vitiates consent when it relates to the nature of the juridical act, the object of the prestation or something that is essential in determining consent (arts. 1400 and 1401 C.C.Q.). 2º The fraud has to be committed by the other contracting party or by a third party with his or her knowledge. 3º Fraud can be, among other reasons, the result of lies, artifice, silence or concealment. 4º The victim of fraud may apply for annulment and, in addition, claim damages or may prefer to apply for a reduction of the obligation (art. 1407 C.C.Q.). The nullity is relative since its role is the protection of individual interests (art. 1419 C.C.Q.). 5º A fraud is said to be a principal fraud when, without it, the victim would never have entered into the juridical act. It is said to be an incidental fraud when it impels the victim to enter into it on terms different than those he or she would otherwise have accepted. 6º Fraud is to be distinguished from simple exaggeration, sometimes called bluff or dolus bonus, which does not result in nullity of the contract. Syn. dolus malus. See also  concealment, defect of consent, dolus bonus, error, fear, fraudulent artifices, incidental fraud, principal fraud. Fr. dol1+, dolus malus, fraude1.2.  (Obl.) Fault of a debtor who, in bad faith and with deliberate intent, refuses to perform a contractual obligation. “Under [arts. 1073 to 1075 C.C.L.C.] more extensive damages may be granted in the case of fraud; whether or not there is fraud, damages claimed must be the immediate and direct consequence of the offence of the debtor [...]” (Brossard, (1945) 23 Can. Bar Rev. 1, p. 5).  Occ. Arts. 1074, 1075 C.C.L.C.Obs. 1º Used in this sense, fraud is understood as a fault committed during the execution of the contract. It should not be confused with simple fraud, which misleads the cocontractant during the formation of the contract. 2º In cases of fraud, a more extensive obligation of compensation is imposed on the wrongdoer than in cases of simple fault. He or she is not only liable for the damages that were foreseeable at the time the obligation was contracted but also for the damages that are "an immediate and direct consequence of the non-performance" (art. 1613 C.C.Q.). 3º Fraud is an intentional fault. As such, exoneration clauses are of no effect (art. 1474 C.C.Q.). 4º There is no exact English equivalent for the French expression faute dolosive. It may be translated as contractual fault committed fraudulently. See also  contractual fault, exclusion (of liability) clause, intentional fault. Fr. dol2, faute dolosive+, fraude2.
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