Afin de faire état de la terminologie du droit privé québécois, le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé a lancé en 1981 le projet des Dictionnaires de droit privé et lexiques bilingues.

En exprimant le droit privé dans les langues anglaise et française, les Dictionnaires de droit privé / Private Law Dictionaries sont des outils de connaissance originaux qui tiennent compte du fait que le droit privé québécois évolue dans un cadre linguistique et juridique unique au monde. Ils constituent les seuls ouvrages de terminologie juridique pouvant prétendre refléter la spécificité bilingue et bijuridique de la culture juridique québécoise, en plus d’être un outil essentiel pour l’ensemble des juristes québécois, pour les traducteurs juridiques, pour les juristes de l’ensemble du Canada intéressés par le droit civil québécois et, enfin, pour les juristes œuvrant en droit comparé.

Cette page vous donne accès, dans leurs versions française et anglaise, aux dictionnaires suivants : le Dictionnaire de droit privé, 2ème (1991), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les obligations (2003), Le dictionnaire de droit privé — Les biens (2012), Le Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016). Un projet de Dictionnaire de droit privé — Successions est actuellement en cours, et sera progressivement ajouté à la base de données.

Afin de faciliter vos recherches, nous vous invitons à consulter la page de présentation des Dictionnaires, qui expose les principes ayant guidé la présentation des entrées et présente les différents éléments qui forment la structure des articles. La rubrique d’aide pourra également vous être utile afin de découvrir les diverses fonctionnalités du moteur de recherche.

Le Centre Paul-André Crépeau de droit privé et comparé tient à remercier le Ministère de la Justice du Canada et la Chambre des Notaires pour leur appui financier pour la conduite des projets lexicographiques ainsi que l’Association du Barreau Canadien qui contribua à la mise en ligne Dictionnaire de droit privé — Les familles, 2èmeéd (2016).

In 1981, the Paul-André Crépeau Centre of Private and Comparative Law launched its Private Law Dictionaries and Bilingual Lexicons in order to present the terminology of the Quebec private law.

By expressing the private law in the French and English languages, the Private Law Dictionaries/Dictionnaires de droit privé are original tools which take account of the unique linguistic and juridical landscape in which the Quebec private law evolves. These are the only publications of legal terminology which can claim to reflect the bilingual and bijuridical specificity of Quebec’s legal culture. They serve as an essential tool for jurists and translators in Québec, for those across Canada interested in the Québec civil law, as well as for those working in the field of comparative law.

This website gives access, in their French and English versions, to the following dictionaries : the Private Law Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1991), the Private Law Dicitonary–Obligations (2003), the Dictionary of Private Law–Property (2012), the Private Law Dictionary–Family, 2nd ed. (2016). The Private Law Dictionary-Successions is in progress, and will gradually be added to the database.

To facilitate your research, please consult the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionaries", which presents the guiding principles behind the entries and the different components of their structure. The Help Section may also be useful in understanding the search engine’s various functions.

The Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law would like to thank the Department of Justice of Canada and the Chambre des Notaires for their financial support of the dictionary projects, as well as The Canadian Bar Association, which will contribute to the online version of the Private Law Dictionary of the Family, 2nd ed. (2016).


Le projet des Dictionnaires en bref

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POSSESSION n.
1.  Exercise in fact of a real right, with the intention to act as titulary of the right. “Possession is the outward sign of ownership and there is a presumption that the person who possesses a thing does so because he is the owner” (Durnford, (1964-65) 67 R. du N. 491, p. 497).  Occ. Art. 921 C.C.Q.; art. 2192 C.C.L.C.Obs. 1º Possession is composed of two elements: corpus, the material element, and animus, the intentional element. 2º A real right may be exercised by the possessor directly or through an intermediary who has detention of the property (e.g. a lessee). 3º To produce effects in law, possession must be peaceful, continuous, public and unequivocal (art. 922 C.C.Q.). 4º Possession gives rise to certain effects in law, including a presumption of title, whereas detention does not. This presumption is often expressed in French, with respect to movables, by the maxim “en fait de meubles, possession vaut titre”. 5º Possession may also invest the possessor with the real right he or she exercises, in accordance with the rules on acquisitive prescription (art. 930 C.C.Q.). 6º In the Civil Code of Lower Canada, the rules with respect to possession were set forth in the Title “Of Prescription”(arts. 2192 et seq. C.C.L.C.). In the Civil Code of Québec, they are set tforth in the Book on Property (arts. 921 et seq. C.C.Q.). 7º Where possession is with respect to a real right other than ownership, it is sometimes called quasi- possession. Syn. civil possession, juridical possession, legal possession. See also  acquisitive prescription, animus, corpus, defect of possession, detention, dispossession1, joinder of possession(s), ownership, possessory action, quasi-possession. Fr. possession1+, possession civile, possession de droit, possession juridique.2.  Syn. detention1.  Occ. Title preceding art. 2773 C.C.Q.; s. 108, Automobile Insurance Act, R.S.Q. c. A-25; s. 5(a-5), Explosives Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-17; s. 2, Excise Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-14; s. 88, Cooperative Credit Associations Act, S.C. 1991, c. 48; s. 47.1(2)(b), Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3; s. 4(1), Trade-marks Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. T-13.Obs. 1º The present sense of the term possession is distinct from the technical sense, since the latter requires both effective control of the thing and the intention to act as titulary of the real right in the thing (art. 921 C.C.Q.). However the present sense draws on the use of the term in common parlance: the factual situation that the thing is under one’s exclusive control or exclusively at one’s disposal. 2º Federal legislation often uses the term possession to mean detention1. Fr. détention1+, possession2, possession actuelle2, possession effective, possession matérielle, possession réelle.
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